Summary
In the study of waves, understanding their properties such as frequency, speed, and wavelength is crucial. Waves can be classified as either transverse or longitudinal based on the direction of vibration relative to the direction of wave travel.
- Frequency — the number of wavefronts passing a point per second. Example: Sound waves with a frequency of 2.0 kHz.
- Wavelength — the distance between consecutive wavefronts. Example: Calculated using speed and frequency.
- Diffraction — the bending of waves around obstacles or through gaps. Example: Waves curving around a harbour wall.
- Refraction — the change in wave direction when entering a different medium. Example: Light waves bending when passing from air into glass.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Frequency: Number of wavefronts passing a point per second.
- Wavelength: Distance between consecutive wavefronts.
- Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles.
- Refraction: Change in wave direction when entering a different medium.
Common Confusions
- Mixing up transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Confusing frequency with wavelength.
Typical Exam Questions
- What happens to the wavelength if the frequency of a wave is doubled? Answer: It halves.
- How does the speed of a wave change when it enters shallower water? Answer: It decreases.
- What is the effect called when waves curve around a barrier? Answer: Diffraction.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of wave properties like frequency and wavelength.
- Ability to calculate wavelength using speed and frequency.
- Differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.