Summary
Alcohols are a homologous series of organic compounds characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. They can be produced through fermentation or by reacting ethene with steam.
- Alcohol — organic compound with an -OH functional group Example: Ethanol (C2H5OH)
- Fermentation — process of producing alcohol from glucose using yeast Example: Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
- Hydration — process of producing alcohol by reacting ethene with steam Example: Ethene reacts with steam to form ethanol
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Alcohol: Organic compound with an -OH group
- Fermentation: Production of alcohol from glucose
- Hydration: Production of alcohol by reacting ethene with steam
Common Confusions
- Confusing the functional group of alcohols (-OH) with that of carboxylic acids (COOH)
- Mixing up the processes of fermentation and hydration
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the functional group of alcohols? OH group
- How is ethanol produced by fermentation? By fermenting glucose with yeast
- What conditions are needed for the hydration of ethene? Phosphoric acid catalyst, 300°C, 60-70 atm
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the functional group in alcohols
- Ability to describe the processes of fermentation and hydration
- Knowledge of the uses and reactions of ethanol