Percentage Change
Calculate percentage increase or decrease.
Percentage Change = ((New Value - Original Value) / Original Value) × 100% IB Middle Years Programme 2026
🧮 IB MYP Mathematics Formula Sheet
Essential formulas for number operations, algebra, geometry, statistics, and probability across MYP Years 1-5.
Number & Algebra Geometry Statistics
Build Strong Mathematical Foundations
This formula sheet covers key mathematical relationships from MYP Years 1-5, helping you solve problems efficiently and understand mathematical concepts clearly.
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Number operations
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Geometry formulas
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Statistics basics
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Algebra essentials
Number & Operations
Fundamental number relationships, percentages, ratios, and proportional reasoning essential for MYP problem-solving.
Simple Interest
P principal, r rate (as decimal), t time in years.
I = P × r × t Compound Interest
A final amount, P principal, r rate (as decimal), n compounding periods per year, t time in years.
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) Ratio & Proportion
If a : b = c : d, then a/b = c/d and ad = bc.
a : b = c : d ⟺ a/b = c/d Topic Focus
Percentage Applications
- Use percentage change to compare values over time or between quantities.
- Remember: percentage increase = ((new - old) / old) × 100%.
- For reverse calculations, use original = new / (1 + percentage/100).
Interest Calculations
- Simple interest grows linearly; compound interest grows exponentially.
- Always convert percentage rates to decimals (e.g., 5% = 0.05) before calculating.
- For compound interest, ensure time and compounding frequency use the same units.
Algebra & Equations
Linear and quadratic equations, algebraic manipulation, and solving strategies for MYP assessments.
Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept)
m slope, b y-intercept.
y = mx + b Linear Equation (Point-Slope)
m slope, (x₁, y₁) point on line.
y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) Slope Formula
Calculate slope from two points.
m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁) Quadratic Formula
Solutions for ax² + bx + c = 0 where a ≠ 0.
x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / (2a) Distance Formula
Distance between two points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂).
d = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²] Topic Focus
Linear Relationships
- Slope (m) represents rate of change: positive = increasing, negative = decreasing.
- Y-intercept (b) shows the value when x = 0.
- Parallel lines have equal slopes; perpendicular lines have slopes that multiply to -1.
Quadratic Equations
- Use the quadratic formula when factoring is difficult or impossible.
- The discriminant (b² - 4ac) determines number of solutions: positive = 2, zero = 1, negative = 0.
- Check your solutions by substituting back into the original equation.
Geometry & Measurement
Area, perimeter, volume, and geometric relationships for 2D and 3D shapes.
Area of Rectangle
l length, w width.
A = l × w Area of Triangle
b base, h height perpendicular to base.
A = ½ × b × h Area of Circle
r radius, π ≈ 3.14159.
A = πr² Circumference of Circle
r radius, d diameter.
C = 2πr C = πd Volume of Rectangular Prism
l length, w width, h height.
V = l × w × h Volume of Cylinder
r radius, h height.
V = πr²h Volume of Sphere
r radius.
V = (4/3)πr³ Pythagorean Theorem
For right triangles, where c is the hypotenuse.
a² + b² = c² Topic Focus
Area Calculations
- Always use consistent units (all in cm, all in m, etc.) before calculating.
- For composite shapes, break them into simpler shapes and add/subtract areas.
- Remember: height must be perpendicular to the base for triangles and parallelograms.
Volume & Surface Area
- Volume measures 3D space; surface area measures the total area of all faces.
- For prisms: volume = base area × height.
- Check units carefully—volume is in cubic units (cm³, m³), area is in square units (cm², m²).
Statistics & Probability
Basic statistical measures and probability calculations for data analysis.
Mean (Average)
Sum of all values divided by number of values.
Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values) Median
Middle value when data is arranged in order.
For even number of values, median is the average of the two middle values.
Mode
Most frequently occurring value in a data set.
Range
Difference between highest and lowest values.
Range = Maximum - Minimum Probability (Single Event)
P(A) probability of event A occurring.
P(A) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes) Topic Focus
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean is affected by outliers; median is more robust for skewed data.
- Mode is useful for categorical data or when finding the most common value.
- Choose the appropriate measure based on your data type and purpose.
Probability Basics
- Probability values range from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
- Sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes equals 1.
- For independent events, P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
How to Use This Formula Sheet
Boost your Cambridge exam confidence with these proven study strategies from our tutoring experts.
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Practice Problem-Solving
Apply formulas to real-world MYP problems. Don't just memorize—understand when and why to use each formula.
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Check Units
Always verify units match before substituting values. Convert units if necessary to ensure consistency.
Master MYP Mathematics
Build strong mathematical foundations with expert MYP tutors who help you understand concepts deeply and apply formulas confidently.
Formulas align with IB MYP Mathematics curriculum for Years 1-5 (ages 11-16).
Always show your working and include units in your final answers.