Kinetic Energy
KE kinetic energy, m mass (kg), v velocity (m/s).
KE = ½mv² Pearson Edexcel GCSE 2025
⚛️ Pearson Edexcel GCSE Physics Formula Sheet
Essential formulas for energy, electricity, forces, waves, and particle model aligned to Pearson Edexcel GCSE Physics (1PH0) specification.
Energy Electricity Forces
Master GCSE Physics
This formula sheet covers fundamental physics relationships from the Pearson Edexcel GCSE Physics specification, helping you solve problems and understand physical concepts.
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Energy formulas
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Electricity equations
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Wave equations
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Forces & motion
Energy
Kinetic energy, potential energy, work, and power relationships.
Gravitational Potential Energy
GPE potential energy, m mass (kg), g gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg), h height (m).
GPE = mgh Power
P power (W), E energy (J), t time (s).
P = E / t Efficiency
Ratio of useful energy output to total energy input.
Efficiency = (Useful Energy Output / Total Energy Input) × 100% Topic Focus
Energy Transformations
- Energy is conserved: total energy before = total energy after (in closed systems).
- Kinetic energy depends on velocity squared—doubling speed quadruples KE.
- Potential energy increases with height; choose a reference point (usually ground level).
Electricity
Voltage, current, resistance, and power relationships in electrical circuits.
Voltage (Potential Difference)
V voltage (V), E energy (J), Q charge (C).
V = E / Q Current
I current (A), Q charge (C), t time (s).
I = Q / t Resistance (Ohm's Law)
R resistance (Ω), V voltage (V), I current (A).
R = V / I Electrical Power
P power (W), V voltage (V), I current (A).
P = VI Electrical Energy
E energy (J), P power (W), t time (s).
E = Pt Topic Focus
Electrical Circuits
- Voltage (V) is the 'push' that drives current; resistance (R) opposes current flow.
- Ohm's Law: V = IR. If voltage increases, current increases (if resistance stays constant).
- Power = voltage × current. Higher power devices use more energy per second.
Forces & Motion
Speed, velocity, acceleration, and force relationships.
Speed
s speed (m/s), d distance (m), t time (s).
s = d / t Acceleration
a acceleration (m/s²), Δv change in velocity (m/s), Δt time interval (s).
a = Δv / Δt Force (Newton's Second Law)
F force (N), m mass (kg), a acceleration (m/s²).
F = ma Weight
W weight (N), m mass (kg), g gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg).
W = mg Momentum
p momentum (kg m/s), m mass (kg), v velocity (m/s).
p = mv Topic Focus
Motion Calculations
- Speed is scalar (magnitude only); velocity is vector (magnitude + direction).
- Acceleration occurs when velocity changes—either speed or direction or both.
- Always use consistent units: convert km/h to m/s if needed (divide by 3.6).
Waves
Wave properties, frequency, wavelength, and wave speed relationships.
Wave Speed
v wave speed (m/s), f frequency (Hz), λ wavelength (m).
v = fλ Frequency
f frequency (Hz), T period (s).
f = 1 / T Topic Focus
Wave Properties
- Wave speed = frequency × wavelength. All three are related—knowing two gives you the third.
- Frequency measures how many waves pass per second (Hz = waves/second).
- Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive identical points on a wave.
How to Use This Formula Sheet
Boost your Cambridge exam confidence with these proven study strategies from our tutoring experts.
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Understand Units
Always include units in calculations. Common units: m/s (speed), N (force), J (energy), W (power).
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Draw Diagrams
Sketch situations before calculating. Diagrams help identify forces, directions, and relationships.
Excel in Pearson Edexcel GCSE Physics
Master physics concepts with expert GCSE tutors who make complex ideas clear and help you apply formulas confidently.
Formulas align with Pearson Edexcel GCSE Physics specification (1PH0) for UK students.
Always show your working, include units, and check that answers make physical sense.