Magnification
M magnification, I image size, A actual size.
M = I / A AQA GCSE 2025
🧬 AQA GCSE Biology Formula Sheet
Essential formulas for cells, organisation, bioenergetics, and ecology aligned to AQA GCSE Biology (8461) specification.
Cells Bioenergetics Ecology
Master GCSE Biology
This formula sheet covers fundamental biology relationships from the AQA GCSE Biology specification, helping you solve problems involving cells, genetics, and ecosystems.
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Cell calculations
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Genetics formulas
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Ecology relationships
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Data analysis
Cell Biology & Microscopy
Calculations involving cell size, magnification, and microscopy.
Actual Size
Calculate actual size from image size and magnification.
A = I / M Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Important for understanding cell size limitations.
Smaller cells have higher SA:V ratios, allowing more efficient exchange.
SA:V = Surface Area / Volume Topic Focus
Microscopy Calculations
- Always use the same units for image size and actual size (usually micrometers, μm).
- Magnification has no units—it's a ratio.
- Convert units if needed: 1 mm = 1000 μm, 1 cm = 10,000 μm.
Ecology & Populations
Population growth, density, and ecosystem calculations.
Population Density
Number of individuals per unit area.
Population Density = (Number of Individuals) / (Area) Percentage Cover
Percentage of area covered by a species.
% Cover = (Area Covered by Species / Total Area) × 100% Topic Focus
Population Studies
- Population density helps compare populations in different areas.
- Percentage cover is useful for studying plant communities in quadrats.
How to Use This Formula Sheet
Boost your Cambridge exam confidence with these proven study strategies from our tutoring experts.
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Use Correct Units
Always check units match in calculations. Convert between mm, cm, m, and μm as needed.
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Draw Diagrams
Sketch cell structures, Punnett squares, or ecosystems to visualize relationships before calculating.
Excel in AQA GCSE Biology
Master biology concepts with expert GCSE tutors who help you understand living systems and solve biological problems confidently.
Formulas align with AQA GCSE Biology specification (8461) for UK students.
Always show your working, include units, and check that answers make biological sense.